Definition

The DSM-5 defines a substance use disorder as a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating that the individual continues using the substance despite significant substance-related problem. For parental substance misuse, we included any consumption of alcohol/drugs meeting threshold for harmful or addictive levels such as codes mentioning “dependence”, “specialist/enhanced treatment”, class A through C drugs (e.g. A: heroin, cocaine, ecstasy, LSD), self-report measures (≥35 alcohol units per week higher risk drinking)55 and validated measures with higher cut-off scores (≥20 AUDIT score, SADQ ≥31 scores etc). Indicators for alcohol consumption are also available via the HDR UK CALIBER phenotype library.

Indicator list

Code list

Parental substance misuse (1091)

Implementation

ACE domain, Indicator(s) Rule-based algorithms Scrip/code*
MSM, Alcohol misuse Severe Include if continuous data meets the cut-off assigned to each code (see code list): e.g. AUDIT: ≥20; AUDIT-PC: ≥10; SADQ ≥31; ≥35 alcohol units per week (analogous to higher-risk drinking/harmful drinking/alcohol dependence; see NICE guidelines); >200 mg alcohol per 100 ml blood is classed as potential high-risk offender when driving in England/Wales (see UK gov) (applies to hospital admission codes in this study). msm_alcohol <- merged_data %>% filter(Domain=="MSM" & Indicator_1=="Alcohol misuse" & scale=="1" & data1 > cut_off)

Publications

Syed S, Gilbert R, Feder G, Howe LD, Powell C, Howarth E, Deighton J, Lacey RE. Family adversity and health characteristics associated with intimate partner violence in children and parents presenting to health care: a population-based birth cohort study in England. The Lancet Public Health. 2023 Jul 1;8(7):e520-34.

Syed S, Gonzalez-Izquierdo A, Allister J, Feder G, Li L, Gilbert R. Identifying adverse childhood experiences with electronic health records of linked mothers and children in England: a multistage development and validation study. The Lancet Digital Health. 2022 Jul 1;4(7):e482-96.

Syed S, Ashwick R, Schlosser M, Gonzalez-Izquierdo A, Li L, Gilbert R. Predictive value of indicators for identifying child maltreatment and intimate partner violence in coded electronic health records: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of disease in childhood. 2021 Jan 1;106(1):44-53.

Department of Health. Alcohol guidelines review: report from the guidelines development group to the UK chief medical officers. London: Department of Health. January, 2016”

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Dr Shabeer Syed, Clinical Psychologist & Senior Research Associate